This page explains several independent forms of location context. Retirement Lists does not combine them into a Local Risk score.
The evidence comes from different sources and geographic levels. FEMA National Risk Index components describe U.S. county context. OpenFEMA declarations summarize qualifying historical declarations for mapped U.S. counties. World Resources Institute flood modeling provides approximate context around international destinations. World Bank and UNODC data provide national homicide context where a sufficiently recent value exists.
Results from one source must not be substituted for, averaged with, or used to validate another.
FEMA National Risk Index county context
A U.S. city is assigned to a county by testing its coordinates against county geography. A tracked Census county-FIPS fallback may be used when the spatial match requires it. The resulting evidence is county context, not city-, neighborhood-, parcel-, building-, or address-level exposure.
Retirement Lists normalizes FEMA ratings as follows:
| FEMA rating | Public band | Component score |
|---|---|---|
| Very Low or Relatively Low | Low | 82 |
| Relatively Moderate | Moderate | 58 |
| Relatively High or Very High | High | 28 |
The public components remain separate:
| Component | Included FEMA hazards | Selection rule |
|---|---|---|
| Flood | Coastal Flooding and Riverine Flooding | Worst normalized band; a tie uses the larger raw FEMA score |
| Storm | Hurricane, Strong Wind, and Tornado | Worst normalized band; a tie uses the larger raw FEMA score |
| Wildfire | Wildfire | FEMA band for the component |
| Heat | Heat Wave | FEMA band for the component |
Flood, wildfire, and storm context are available for 765 destinations. Heat context is available for 751 of those 765 destinations. All four may be displayed and used in Compare. Heat may additionally support filtering and sorting. None is used for Fit or required-preference matching.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Data period | December 2025 |
| Observed | July 19, 2026 at 07:45:55.461 UTC |
| Source updated | Not recorded in the verified evidence |
| Packet generated | July 19, 2026 at 07:45:55.461 UTC |
| Last reviewed | August 1, 2026 |
| Meaning of last reviewed | Retirement Lists editorial methodology review |
OpenFEMA historical disaster declarations
Retirement Lists counts distinct federal disaster numbers with a `DR` declaration type that designated the mapped county during the period from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2025. Records with county code `000` are excluded.
The count is available for all 765 eligible U.S. destinations and is display-only. Zero is a valid result. The count does not measure severity, damage, financial assistance, insurance exposure, or future risk.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Data period | January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2025 |
| Retrieved | July 18, 2026 |
| Source updated | Not recorded in the verified evidence |
| Packet generated | July 18, 2026 |
| Coverage | 765 of 765 eligible destinations |
| Last reviewed | August 1, 2026 |
International modeled flood context
For 222 international destinations, Retirement Lists uses the World Resources Institute Aqueduct Floods V2 historical baseline with a 100-year return period.
Approximately one-kilometer valid raster-cell centers within an exact 10-kilometer radius of the destination are sampled. A valid cell is counted as affected when its modeled riverine or coastal flood depth is greater than zero. The displayed result is the number of affected valid cells divided by all valid sampled cells.
This modeled result is display-only. It does not support Compare, filtering, sorting, Fit, or required-preference matching. It is not a parcel, building, insurance, or future-event prediction.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Data period | Aqueduct Floods V2 historical baseline; 100-year return period |
| Source updated | October 20, 2020 |
| Checked | July 13, 2026 |
| Packet generated | July 13, 2026 |
| Coverage | 222 international destinations |
| Last reviewed | August 1, 2026 |
National homicide context
For international destinations, Retirement Lists may display the latest non-null national annual homicide rate from the World Bank indicator based on UNODC data. A value is accepted only when it is no more than five years old.
The measure is available for 202 of 222 evaluated international destinations. Accepted values are from 2023 or 2022.
This is country-level, display-only context. It is not an overall Safety measure, a local violent-crime rate, a city-risk measure, a cross-country ranking, or a Stability measure.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Data period | 2023 or 2022, depending on the latest eligible national value |
| Observed | July 18, 2026 |
| Retrieved | July 18, 2026 |
| Coverage | 202 of 222 evaluated destinations |
| Last reviewed | August 1, 2026 |
| Meaning of last reviewed | Retirement Lists editorial methodology review |
Limitations
The resulting evidence is county context, not city-, neighborhood-, parcel-, building-, or address-level exposure.
The count does not measure severity, damage, financial assistance, insurance exposure, or future risk.
This modeled result is display-only. It does not support Compare, filtering, sorting, Fit, or required-preference matching. It is not a parcel, building, insurance, or future-event prediction.
This is country-level, display-only context. It is not an overall Safety measure, a local violent-crime rate, a city-risk measure, a cross-country ranking, or a Stability measure.
Sources and freshness
The evidence comes from different sources and geographic levels.
Source periods vary by place. City pages show dated source context for the applicable measure when it is available.
Sources and review
Last reviewed 2026-08-01
- FEMA National Risk Index data sets
U.S. county context for flood, storm, wildfire, and heat.
- FEMA National Risk Index county query service
FEMA National Risk Index county context assigned to a U.S. city.
- FEMA National Risk Index ArcGIS item
The FEMA county evidence layer used for local hazard context.
- OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries V2 documentation
Qualifying historical declarations for mapped U.S. counties.
- OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries API
The historical declaration records counted by the OpenFEMA method.
- WRI Aqueduct Floods 2.0
Approximate modeled flood context around international destinations.
- WRI Aqueduct Floods hazard-map dataset
The modeled raster source for international flood context.
- World Bank national homicide indicator
National homicide context where a sufficiently recent value exists.